Urinary Protein Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease

Urinary Protein Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as an important national and worldwide public health problem because of its consequences on quality of life and high prevalence, existing in up to one-tenth of the adults in developed countries and 13% of the general population [1,2]. Currently used diagnostic and staging tools are mostly based on non-invasive analysis of serum creatinine ...

Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: a review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. The classification of CKD by KDOQI and KDIGO and the routine eGFR reporting have resulted in increased identification of CKD. It is important to be able to identify those at high risk of CKD progression and its associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proteinuria is the most sensitive marker of CKD progression in clinical practice, ...

Cardiovascular biomarkers in chronic kidney disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have suggested that novel risk factors, uremia- or dialysis-related, are of great importance, as they act synergistically with the highly prevalent traditional risk factors for CVD in CKD patients. Whereas an ideal single biomarker, i.e., one that adds relevant prognos...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...